DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MOBILE FIRE ALARM WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work,"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Fire-fighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A fire-fighter must be able to reach the situation quickly and safely extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and reduce fatalities. Technology has come to rescue this issue, mobile fire alarm with sprinkler are now having more efficient and effective method of firefighting. This paper gives you the design idea of firefighting robot using autonomous operation. The robotic vehicle is loaded with fire extinguisher and a water pump which is controlled over solenoid valve to throw water. An Arduino UNO is a microcontroller is used for the desired operation. A water tank and fire extinguisher setup along with water pump is mounted on the machine body and its operation is carried out from the microcontroller output through appropriate signal from the sensor. The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller.
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
-
PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
- It is used in hazardous places.
- Useful in controlling fire at extreme places where human being cannot reach
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The platform of the robot is made of locally available wood of ‘Rashed Tree’. It has enough strength and the capacity of resistance to fire and water. Its low density also helps to make a less weighted structure with a firm support.
- The water container is made of white cardboard which is waterproof. This provides resistance to water leakage.
- The pipes are made of aluminum alloy which is fire resistant. These carry water at a safe and calibrated distance to accommodate extinguishing and another pipe is also used to carry LM35 sensor to detect heat at a measured distance.
- The water spreader at the front of the pipe reduces the velocity of the water thrown by the pump greatly but spreads the water for effective extinguishment.
- In presence of daylight, the analog output readings are the least. But it provides us a nearly constant difference of 300- 350 between the readings of the output with or without the fire source. So, an efficient algorithm can be made at this circumstance even with the worst possible output reading.
- In day, sunlight is absolutely a dominant factor to control the values of the output reading.
- At night, the readings have quite large value without fire source and the least value is obtained without the presence of fire. This provides a good range of detection.
- The best possible range for detection of fire source is from 23-03 o’clock. This provides the best platform to program the device during any time of the day.
- After detection of fire, the robot starts to move towards the source. With the change of temperature, the output of LM35 is changed.
- This change of output of LM35 is non-linear. So, at different distance, the readings are taken and the robot is calibrated to stop at safe distance from the source.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2 REVIEW OF AUTOMATIC FIRE EMERGENCY
2.3 REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
2.4 REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN
2.5 REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM PARTS
2.6 REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM INITIATING DEVICES
2.7 FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
3.3 CONTROL AND SENSOR UNIT
3.4 WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.5 HARDWARE DESCRPTION
3.6 SOFTWARE USED
3.7 PROGRAM CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 STUDY OF PERFORMANCE
4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Most of the fire accidents occurring in industries like nuclear power plants, petroleum refineries, gas tanks, chemical factories and other large-scale fire industries resulting in quite serious consequences. Fire-fighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A fire-fighter must be able to get to a fire quickly and safely extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and reduce fatalities. Technology has finally bridged the gap between fire fighting and machines allowing for a more efficient and effective method of fire fighting. Robots designed to find a fire, before it rages out of control, could one day work with fire fighters greatly reducing the risk of injury to victims. Our world is currently facing the global warming whereby the average temperature of our earth atmosphere and oceans is increasing year by year. Studies shows that our earth mean surface temperature has increased about 0.8C which about two-third of increase occurring since 1980. The global warming of the earth may lead to more forest fire and fire disaster occur as everything gets more flammable due to the high temperature of our earth atmosphere. Therefore, fire extinguishing robot is needed to reduce all the damage cause by natural or human made fire disaster.
With the advancement in the field of Robotics, human intervention is becoming less every day and robots are used widely for purpose of safety. This project integrates auto technology for autonomous operation and uses Arduino microcontroller.
Sometimes it is almost impossible to intervene in a these situations without the help of robot. Because robot has some size and sensing advantages that human lacks of. It is not feasible to appoint a person to patrol for accidental fire where a robot can do the patrolling [1]. So a robot is made to patrol for fire detection and early warning in domestic, industrial and environmental cases [2-5].
This robot may be used in industrial environment and even in household areas where there is more probability of occurring accidental fire [6-8]. Different sensors are used and fusion of their performances is ensured by an intelligent algorithm in Arduino computing platform or by soft computing techniques [9-10]. Su et al. [11] made an automatic fire detection system using Adaptive Fusion Algorithm (AFA). Multisensor Fire Detection System (MSFDS) along with Visual Basic to receive information was used and a general interface for supervised computer was designed in his study. Viguria et al. [12] built an aerial/ground robot team applied to fire detection. They used a disturbed market based algorithm, called S+T and coordinated in between aerial and ground vehicles. Their simulations showed that if the number of services increased, communication and energy requirement would also increase. Khoon et al. [13] described the development of an Autonomous Fire Fighting Mobile Platform (AFFMP) that is equipped with the basic fighting equipment that can patrol through the hazardous site via a guiding track with the aim of early detection for fire. They used flame sensor, motor driver circuitry and LDR sensor and kept the extinguishing as simple as possible. For early warning, a vision sensor based fire detection method is proposed by Ko et al. [14]. They developed an AVM classifier for fire pixel verification.
Kim et al. [15] made a portable fire evacuation guide robot system and demonstrated that robot system can be thrown into a fire to gather information, locate displaced people and evacuate them. They designed the robot with aluminum compound metal for thermal resistance with waterproofing and an impact distribution frame for impact resistance. White et al. [16] developed a vehicle mounted fire fighting system and included a series of flame and heat retardant coverings placed on all exposed parts of the system to prevent damage from exposure to extreme heat.
Our effort is to develop an autonomous fire fighter robot which is constructed by locally available fire resistant and water-proof materials and performs on an arduino based fire detection and extinguishment algorithm. The robot is also fabricated so that it can save itself from fire by keeping safe distance from the source. At different distances from the fire and at different day time, the performance of the robot is evaluated by performing sensitivity tests on the sensors taking serial monitor readings in Arduino.
Therefore, Arduino based mobile fire alarm with sprinkler is designed to control fire through a robotic vehicle. The put forward vehicle has a water jet spray which is capable of sprinkling water. The sprinkler can be moved in all four directions. The arrival of new high-speed technology provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. The main controlling devices of the whole system are Microcontrollers, smoke or fire sensor, water jet spray, DC motors and buzzer are interfaced to Microcontroller.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Detecting fire and extinguishing is a hazardous job for a fire extinguisher, it often risks the life of that person. This project aims in giving a technical solution to the mentioned problem. A robot is a mechanical design that is capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer. The device has a fire extinguishing unit added on to it. This robot is controlled using a smoke sensor its movement and reaching the fire, the flame sensor detects the fire and gives the further signal to the extinguisher units to trigger the pump and spray the water.
1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to built an Arduino based mobile fire alarm with sprinkler that is controlled using a smoke sensor. The flame sensor detects the fire and gives the further signal to the extinguisher units to trigger the pump and spray the water.1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Here, an Arduino based mobile fire alarm with sprinkler is fabricated providing extinguishment platform. There is about 1 liter water reserving capacity. An arduino based simple algorithm is used for detection of fire and measurement of distance from fire source while the robot is on its way to extinguish fire. When the fire is detected and the robot is at a distance near to fire, a centrifugal pump is used to throw water for extinguishment purpose. A water spreader is used for effective extinguishing. It is seen that velocity of water is greatly reduced due to the use of water spreader. Two sensors: LM35 and Arduino Flame Sensors are used to detect the fire and distances on its way towards fire. Sensitivity of these sensors at different day times and distances is tested through analog reading of the serial monitor.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.7 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Mobile fire alarm with sprinkler which is also known as a Fire Fighting Robot has been fabricated with locally available materials and some tests are done to observe its effectiveness at different situation. As the Fire Fighter Robot has to endure different situation, this effectiveness test will help us to make a better model. Addressing to the pertinent design of the robot and the tests, following closing remarks can be drawn-
A mobile fire alarm with sprinkler is known as Fire Fighting Robot is effective enough to fight against fire on a small scale. It can sense fire flame better at darker places. It is made as a preventer robot. Because it can detect fire instantly and can extinguish it before spreading. This multisensory based robot may be a solution to all fire hazards. With enough funding and scope, this design of robot can also fight against large fire with larger reserving capacity and an improved sensing unit can provide even an earlier detection of fire at all circumstances.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system"consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of"design and construction of a mobile fire alarm with sprinkler system" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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